Sunday, January 26, 2020

The Bone Growth And Development Health And Social Care Essay

The Bone Growth And Development Health And Social Care Essay Imtramembranous ossification starts during the development within the womb and where the flat bones and some bone of the skull and the collarbone are formed from connective tissue. This is also the method which helps injured bones to heal and develops when bones are broken to reconstruct the bone. This process also occurs during embryonic development which is endochondrial ossification, this is where bones are produced from cartilage. Endochodrial ossification is the process when the development of long bones occurs such as the development of arms and legs. Within intramembranous ossification there is no cartilage present as the bones develop from other connective tissues. The begin of intramembranous ossification starts from stem cells, these cells then have to develop into a particular cell type, such as osteoblasts which are cells that create bone tissue, spongy inner tissue of the marrow and the mineralised compact bone tissue which encloses the marrow. There are many different s tages which take place throughout intramembranous ossification due to the stem cells change, differentiate and develop into specific types of bone cells. A related process takes place to repair broken or damaged bone as the bone tissue develops from membranous or connective tissue in a similar way that they develop within the womb. In the process of stem cells form layers of relatively primitive connective tissue and some develop into bone-producing cells. During this there is a bone matrix of calcium which eventually gathers into bone spicules. When bone matrix is expelled the bone spicules grow in size, which leads to the greater formation called a trabeculae which bulild up on top on each other to form a wovenbone where as some trabeculae stay as spongy tissues which then develop into bonemarrow. The bones which progress through the intramembranous ossification develop into the patella, the parietal, frontal, occipitial and temporal bones in the skull, the patella and the upper a nd low jawbones. Inramembranous ossification also adds to bone growth particularly in short bones and the thickening of long bones as they grow. The process which is responsible for the lengthening of the bones is called epiphysis and occurs at the ends of the bones, the epiphyseal place is found under the epiphyses and before the diaphysis. During puberty and early adulthood this is usually present and is the location of bone growth. When this process has fully taken place the the epiphyseal plate completely ossifies and closes after this there is a thin line still only a thin line is still there and the bones can no longer grow in length. Endochondral ossification Endorchondral ossification is where cartilage eventually gets replaced with bone during the development. During this process the osteoblasts occur in regions of cartilage called the ossification centres. These osteoblasts then progress into osteocytes which are mature bone cells which harden the bone matrix. The majority of bones occur from a mixture of intramembranous and endochodral ossification. During this process the mesencymal cells progress into chondroblasts which increase in number through cell division which then increase in size and expel a matrix which hardens because of the occurrence of inorganic minerals, which leads to the forming of chambers within the matrix. Osteoblasts and blood-forming cells go through these chambers. These osteoblasts expel minerals which form the bone matrix. Mature hardened bone consists of an organic element and a mineral element, mature hardened bone is also living tissue. The majority of the organic element is made up of proteins such as, c ollagen fibres, an extracelluar matrix, and fibroblasts, which consist of the living cells which create the collagen and the matrix. The mineral part of the bone is made up of hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate which provides strength and rigidity. Through the life of an individual the osteoblasts constantly expel minerals and the osteoclasts constantly reabsorb the minerals. File:Bone growth.png The skeletal system starts to develop during the third week after conception with the development of the notochord with is the construction of the back of the embryo which develops into the spine, spinal cord and the brain. During the four week of conception arms and legs are visable, with the fingers and toes developing around the eighth week of conception, after this the limbs start to expand and take on specific shape. By the fifth week the embryo has doubled in size and there is a tail-like structure which eventually develops itno the coccyx. During the seventh week the embryos facial features are visible and the 206 bones are all in place. Although the process of osteogenesis has not yet taken place fully as the bones are do not harden until further development. The majority of bony nuclei of the long bones and round bones do not finish developing until after birth. There are many different types of the main human bones which are the long, short, flat and irregular bones. The long, short and irregular bones develop due to endochondral ossification this is the process were cartilage is replaced by bone. The development of flat bones occur during intramembranous ossificaion with the bone developong by sheets of connective tissue, around 80 percent of the mature skeleton is represented by compact cortical bone which supports the body, at the midpoint of the long bones there is extra thickness to stop the bones from bending. Cancellous bone has a porous structure which has small cavities and is similar to sponge; it is found mainly in the pelvis and within the 33 vertebrae from the neck to the tailbone. Long bones increase in length by adding to the epiphyseal plate. When the bones lengthen they go through a process called remodelling, throughout this process the outer shape of the bones change as well. The bones of the skull grow due to the layers which add to the circumference of the skull by this occuring the skll becomes thicker. During birth long bones have more than one ossification centre, which grow during childhood up until the epiphyseal plates become fused with he shaft of the diaphysis. tHis process is motivated due to the hormones in the testes and ovaries, there hormones signal the linear growth of the long bones to reach the end of the growth. Flat and round bones of the skeleton are able to continue growth throughout life. Spinal Curves The vertebral column is one of the primary support structures of the human skeleton, and consists of individual pseudoseparate and fused vertebrae which allow the movement and support of the skull, and the flexibility of the neck and back and provides secure locations for the ribs and protection of the spinal cord. The spine consists of seven cervial vertebrae which form the neck, tweleve toracic vertebrae forming the upper back and five lumbar vertebrae forming the lower back. Near the bottom of the spine there is the sacrum which is made up of five fused vertebrae which secures the spine to the pelvic girdle and the coccyx which is a semi-flexible sequence of around four vertebrae which assist in the support of the the lower alimentary tract. Inbetween each vertebrae there is a intervertabral disk which is made up of cartilage and cushions the vertabral column to protect the spine from trauma, the interverebral disks also act as a shock absorber. The spine is held together by a seq uence of ligaments which include the intertransverse ligaments which run down the length of the spine and are attached to the transverse processes of each vertebrae. The spinal cord is a primary nerve pathway to and from the brain which proceed down a canal in the centre of the spinal column. The spine consists of four natural curves. Two are lordotic and two are kyphotic. The cervical and lumbar curves are lordotic. The thoracic and sacral curves are kyphotic. The curves help to distribute mechanical stress as the body moves. Cervial The cervial spine consists of seven vertebrae which are located at the top of the spine and is often referred to of the neck. One of the purposes of the cervial spine is to contain and protect the spinal cord, support the skull and to allow the head movement from side to side and to bend forward and backwards. There are many different ligaments, muscles and tendons which assist in supporting and stabilising the cervical spine. The main role of the ligaments is to stop excessive movement which could lead to damaging the cervial spine and spinal cord. The muscles in the cervical spine help the spinal balance and to provide movement, the muscles contract and relax due to the nerve impulses which are signaled from the brain. Some muscles work in pairs and some contract and the opposingmuscle relaxes, there are many different types of muscle which are lateral flexors, forward flexors, rotators and extensors. Thoracic The thoracic vertebrae form the posterior part of the bony thoracic cage. The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae which eventually increase in size. The Thoracic spine is found in the chest area, and the ribs are connected to the thoracic spine and protect a number of vital organs. Lumbar The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae which are positioned below the thoracic vertebrae and the fused vertebrae of the sacrum. These vertebraeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s are a lot larger than the vertebrae of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The vertebral foramen is normally triangular with the spinous process pointing backwards and is rectangular or hatchet-shaped. Each vertebra are positioned on top of each other and between each one there is a intervertabral disk which is made up of cartilage and cushions the vertabral column to protect the spine from pressure, they distribute stress and prevent the vertebrae from grinding against each other. Ligaments and Tendons Groups of ligaments hold the vertebrae and discs together and they connect bone to bone. The main function of tendons is to hold muscle to bone. Within the spine the tendons connect muscles to the vertebrae they also help to stabilise the spine and protect them from extreme movement in any one direction.       ?spinal http://www.nursingtimes.net/the-skeletal-system-bone-growth-and-healing/201797.article http://science.jrank.org/pages/4933/Ossification.html http://www.answers.com/topic/skeletal-development

Saturday, January 18, 2020

If girls should study separetly from boys Essay

This paper argues that single-sex public education brings more harms than benefits. The issue of single-sex public schooling in the U. S. has been in the centre of a heated debate recently. Some scholars and education practitioners argue that educating girls separately from boys results in healthier learning environment and psychological development of representatives of both genders. Along with presenting arguments and evidence in support of mixed gender education, this paper will also dismiss major theses put forward by the proponents of single-sex education. First of all, mixed gender education benefits both girls and boys since early encounter with persons of opposite sex helps children and teenagers shape healthier perceptions about gender roles and relations between genders. In the absence of information about representatives of different gender, various stereotypes and misperceptions develop. On the contrary, when boys and girls study together, they can observe peculiarities of male and female behavior and identity formation, thus learning to acknowledge and respect differences between genders. Secondly, single-sex education reinforces the notion that men and women are not fully equal as the participants of public life. If the differences between genders are regarded as too dramatic to educate boys and girls together, such approach presumes tat mean and women are too different to participate in other spheres of public life on equal grounds. However, the idea that has been consistently promoted throughout the 20th century was that women are also rational subject and are entitled to the same set of rights as men. Single sex education can thus be viewed as a step back in the historical development of our society. Thirdly, differences in learning styles are not necessarily an impediment to academic progress. Since boys and girls have different approach to educational process, coeducation can help to unleash the potential of the diversity of learning attitudes and experience. In such a way, ‘coeducation exposes all students to a range of male and female-oriented learning experiences. Importantly, boys and girls gain social maturity through valuable interactive play and shared learning’ (Ipswich Girls’ Grammar School, 2007, para. 2). The proponents of single sex schooling disagree with the aforementioned statement. They believe that differences in learning styles are best addressed when boys and girls study separately. Under such scenario, they argue, teachers can choose the most effective way of presenting the material and assessing students’ progress, since they have an opportunity to tailor their teaching manner to the needs of representatives of a particular gender. In support of their claim they cite evidence of better performance in single sex schools as compared with coeducational schools. In dismissing this evidence, two factors need to be taken into account. First of all, these studies measured only short-term impact on academic performance without paying due attention to the continuity and integrity of learning process. There may be fluctuations in performance indicators across districts, regions, and years. The proponents of single sex education fail to prove that educating girls separately from boys bring long-term academic benefits: As opposed to concurrent indicators of academic achievement, any positive effects of SS [single sex] schooling on longer-term indicators of academic achievement are not readily apparent’ (U. S. Department of Education, 2005, ‘Summary of Findings in Each Domain,’ ‘Long-term, quantifiable academic accomplishment’). On the contrary, differences in learning styles may sometimes lead to higher performance indicators as coeducation encourages representatives of both genders to study better. Since psychologically girls are more inclined to learning and academic environment, they set a certain level of achievement. Naturally, boys in the same classroom are pressured to live up to the standard: ‘While girls might set the benchmark in standards, once boys understand the required level, their competitive nature encourages them to strive for mastery, often leading to achievement levels beyond the benchmark’ (Ipswich Girls’ Grammar School, 2007, ‘Setting the bar’). As for the argument that single sex education raises self-esteem, especially in all-girls schools and classrooms, it can be contested, too. While short-term impact on self-esteem may be positive, long-term harms again outweigh all the perceived benefits. When boys and girls are educated separately, they get used to single sex environment and acquire social skills that helps them operate in such environment only. However, after graduation they are required to learn how to operate in mixed-gender environment, which can be stressful and diminish their chances to lead a full-fledged social life. In conclusion, it is necessary to say that the question of single sex v. coeducation should be further researched. It is one of the fundamental social policy debates that shape public life in our country – just like abortion, gun control, global warming, or euthanasia – and therefore it should be carefully considered and scrutinized before final decision on this issue is made.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Brief Article Teaches You the Ins and Outs of Closing Paragraph in Career Gaol Essay Samples and What You Should Do Today

Brief Article Teaches You the Ins and Outs of Closing Paragraph in Career Gaol Essay Samples and What You Should Do Today Give concrete examples of your targets and what you believe you will need to do in order to get there. Explain how you are going to get there. Additional you would like to stay as true to yourself as possible. What About Closing Paragraph in Career Gaol Essay Samples? By grading your essay drafts by yourself, you'll be able to find out how to improve upon the standard of your essay. There are a couple questions that you should ask yourself before you begin the essay. Review what you've been requested to address in your essay. If it comes to writing essays in college, most of us need somewhere to start. Reading example essays works precisely the same way! This sort of essay necessitates clarity and honesty. Essays could possibly be lightly modified for readability or to defend the anonymity of contributors, but we don't edit essay examples ahead of publication. 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Some organizations wish to find out more than just your career targets or the way they will be able to help you achieve them. 1 productive way to commence an MBA career goals essay is to start out with a very clear overview of short-term and long-term career targets. Composing a suitable career goals essay can be difficult should you not actually have any ambitions. The War Against Closing Paragraph in Career Gaol Essay Samples The term limit may differ from universities to university but it's easily one of the more famous essays. The Princeton Review advises prospective research students to cautiously consider precisely what the admissions committee would like to see. The question of future career is frequently a struggle to answer for students on account of the uncertainties and wide range of alternatives. Don't use this essay for a way to criticize past professors or ot her NP programs. Closing Paragraph in Career Gaol Essay Samples - Dead or Alive? Consider the job of your dream and define which steps which you have to do to reach goals. Essentially, you'll have a roadmap to direct your career journey from MBA school onwards. Without some type of education, it's hard to get the skills needed on earth. A highschool education is simply an introduction to the educational background that I'll want to prepare me for a prosperous career. The Birth of Closing Paragraph in Career Gaol Essay Samples The secret is to be brief, particularly if you have never been asked explicitly about your career progress. By pursuing the subsequent educational targets, students ought to be progressing towards the route of fulfilling one's potentials. It would be far more challenging to achieve your goals without the support from others. When it has to do with somelong-term objectives, I also have made up my mind. 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Whether you want to take your career in a totally different direction, make a little career pivot or return to exactly the same company post-MBA in a greater role, it's important to connect your past to your future. Knowing where you wish to be, and who you w ish to be professionally, later on, isn't a simple job. It's simple to order any bit of writing in a reliable writing company, and find a successful and intriguing work to impress your audience. Closing Paragraph in Career Gaol Essay Samples Help! The first thing you have to do before you get started planning your essay on career objectives and aspirations is to ask yourself a couple questions. You can also find a one-page career goals essay example which will help you set your future plans and define what things to aspire to. At the exact same time, you may also start looking into short-term targets. Setting educational goals provides you a completely different degree of perceiving the challenges that you're going to be meeting throughout your years of being a true student.

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Analysis Of The Jester By Muhammad Al-Maghut - 756 Words

This Discussion is about how the author views contemporary Arabs’ attitude toward their own history in the play ‘The Jester’. It is written by Muhammad Al-Maghut, a Syrian writer and poet who is known for his satirical work. In this play, he vigorously converses about the social misery and meanness. This play focuses on reaction and behaviour of today’s Arab men towards their historical heroes in a satirical way. The play starts with highlighting the dignity and heroism of past Arab heroes, but in later acts it is depicted that the layman regards their heroism only because it has been magnificently presented to him, unless analysed by a contemporary Arab man. The writer tries to depict the behaviour of today’s Arabs towards achievements to†¦show more content†¦He starts with Greeks, who were known for their power, wisdom and strength. They conquered the major part of the world with their bravery and large sized armies. And despite of being s o powerful, influential and wise, the character â€Å"Othello† was not strong enough to speak to his beloved wife at least once about his suspicion. A secondary resource on it, â€Å"The disturbance of spirits† also highlights the major areas being effected in Arab world one of them was women in society† and â€Å"rich and poor†. It discusses about major behaviours among those people in that era. This writing also talks about changing in life patterns of Arabs in respect of development in society and the new ways of lives they started. This scholarly article discusses generally the history of Arabs and above mentioned issues have been raised in it. Well, moving ahead of Othello’s performance in the play, the characters quickly change themselves into Arab heroes. They are also remembered for their power, strong armies, conquer on the large part of the world and ruling over them for centuries. The Drum Beater in the play keeps bragging about the power and grandeur of Arab heroes. He acts as a documented history of Arabs. The chronicled history never talks about the Arab heroes’ feebleness, but power and strength only. The Drum Beater’s main duty in this traveling theatre troupe is to tell and remind people of the town about the